This means that despite the protein / amino acid percentages listed on the pet food label, its digestibility (nutrient availability to the dog) is highly variable. For example, various analysis of meat and bone meal have shown total lysine ranges from 22% – 36.5% and the percentage of reactive lysine (not nutritionally available to the dog) ranges from 17.4% – 32.6%. The amount of lysine that is nutritionally available to a dog in their pet food depends on the fraction that has undergone a Maillard reaction during the manufacturing process. Lysine’s involvement in a Maillard reaction significantly reduces its bioavailability. These products have no nutritive value for dogs and links between these products and degenerative diseases have been made. ![]() When heat treated in this way lysine can react with sugars and produce Maillard reaction products. In particular, the amino acid lysine is highly reactive when heated to 100 degrees Celsius for several hours. Nutrient availabilityĭue the excessive heat treatment of raw materials in the rendering process, nutrient availability can be hampered and essential amino acids can be diluted. Here are some considerations when reading a pet food label containing these ingredients. Is meat and bone meal, animal byproduct meal, or poultry byproduct meal good for dogs? The finished product from rendering allows for safe storage and handling of animal products. ![]() In North America, many rendering plants are “integrated” with meat processing facilities to capture the by-products of their processing. Additional material for rendering operations come from condemned or fallen animals. The primary raw materials for renderers are offal not consumed by humans including intestines, heads, bone, blood, and other body parts. It is one of the oldest forms of recycling the waste products, by-products and moralities of food animal farming. Rendering is a physical and chemical process that involves heating the raw materials to temperatures up to 146 degrees Celsius to extract moisture and separate fat. While each of these ingredients is made from different animals and parts of them, what is common is that they are all rendered products. The Association of American Feed Control Officials ( AAFCO) defines the species and parts of the carcass used in each of these ingredients. Depending on the “meal” type, it contains different parts of the animal’s carcass. ![]() One set of ingredients that are particularly confusing are the following:Įach of these “meals” are produced from either mammals such as cattle, goat, sheep, pig or other mammals or poultry like chicken or turkey. Many of my nutrition clients are initially confused about what exactly the ingredients in their dog’s food are made from.
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